Understanding Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)

Atopic Dermatitis, commonly known as eczema, goes beyond just dry and irritated skin. It’s a chronic condition that affects millions globally, with profound impacts on both physical and emotional well-being. Despite its prevalence, many people don’t fully grasp the complexities of this condition. Understanding eczema is essential for anyone looking to learn more about the condition. In this post, we’ll dive into the causes, symptoms, triggers, and most importantly, offer practical tips on managing eczema for a better quality of life.

What is Eczema? 

Atopic Dermatitis (eczema) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterised by red, itchy, and scaly patches. While it often begins in childhood, it can persist into adulthood or even start later in life. The condition can lead to uncomfortable flare-ups that vary in intensity, and in more severe cases, the skin may crack and bleed, increasing the risk of infection. 

Symptoms of Eczema

Symptoms of eczema can vary, but understanding eczema helps in recognising the typical signs, which include:

• Severe itching: One of the most distressing symptoms, itching can be constant and even interfere with daily activities.
• Dry, scaly skin: A common feature of eczema where the skin often becomes rough and flaky.
• Red or inflamed patches: These may appear anywhere on the body but are often found on the hands, face, elbows, and behind the knees.
• Blisters or oozing: In some cases, scratching can lead to small, fluid-filled blisters or weeping skin.
• Thickened, leathery skin: Prolonged scratching can cause the skin to thicken over time.

The condition can be physically painful and affect an individual’s emotional and mental well-being. 

Studies have shown adults with atopic dermatitis are up to three times as likely to have depression, while there is evidence of an increased prevalence of depression and anxiety in children severely affected by the condition.

Source: abc.net.au

People with eczema may experience feelings of frustration, embarrassment and anxiety due to the visible appearance of their skin, in addition to pain or discomfort the symptoms can cause.

What Causes Eczema?

Eczema is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Understanding eczema also involves recognising some of the primary contributors including:

1. Genetics: A family history of eczema, asthma, or hay fever increases the likelihood of developing Atopic Dermatitis. Individuals with eczema often have a genetic mutation that affects the skin’s barrier function, making it prone to dryness and irritation.
2. Immune System Response: People with eczema tend to have an overactive immune response to environmental allergens or irritants, leading to inflammation and flare-ups.
3. Environmental Factors: Exposure to allergens such as pollen, pet dander, or dust mites can trigger flare-ups. External factors like weather changes or irritants from soaps and detergents can also irritate skin.
4. Stress: While stress doesn’t cause eczema, it can exacerbate symptoms and trigger flare-ups.

Common Triggers of Eczema

Identifying and avoiding triggers is crucial for better managing eczema. Some common triggers include:

• Fragranced or Non-Sensitive Soaps and Detergents: These can strip the skin of natural oils, often worsening the symptoms such as dryness and irritation.
• Allergens: Pollens, dust mites, pet dander and some food or drinks can provoke allergic reactions that lead to flare-ups.
• Clothing: Rough or synthetic fabrics can irritate sensitive skin, while soft, breathable materials like cotton are generally more suitable.
• Weather: Cold, wind, dry air or hot, humid conditions can increase skin discomfort and itching leading to further inflammation.
• Stress: Emotional stress can worsen symptoms, leading to more frequent or severe flare-ups.

Understanding Eczema Management

While there is no cure for eczema, there are effective ways to manage the condition and reduce flare-ups. With proper care, many people can find relief and improve their quality of life. 

Here are some of our tips for better managing your eczema:

1. Moisturise regularly: Keeping the skin hydrated is one of the most important steps in managing eczema. Apply a thick, fragrance-free moisturiser multiple times daily to lock in moisture and protect the skin’s barrier.
2. Use gentle cleansers: Avoid harsh soaps and use mild, fragrance-free and or soap-free cleansers. These will help clean the skin without stripping it of its natural oils.
3. Avoid triggers: Identify your triggers—allergens, certain fabrics, chemicals or specific weather conditions—and avoid them whenever possible.
4. Take lukewarm baths: Hot water can further dry out the skin, so stick to lukewarm baths or showers. Adding in a gentle, non-irritating bath oil or moisturising wash can greatly help soothe inflamed skin.
5. Topical treatments: Your doctor may recommend topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and prevent secondary infection on the skin surface. Always follow the prescribed treatment plan to avoid potential side effects.
6. Manage Stress: Since stress can worsen symptoms, practising relaxation techniques like yoga, meditation, or deep breathing can help keep flare-ups at bay.
7. See a Dermatologist: Dermatologists are skin specialists. Accurate diagnosis is key to effective ongoing management and possible further treatment options. 

To find a Dermatologist in your area: use this link from The Australian College Of Dermatologists, you can search who is local and call the clinic ahead with any questions you may have including their fees and condition specialities prior to making an appointment.  https://www.dermcoll.edu.au/for-community/find-a-dermatologist/.

A current referral from your GP is required to obtain a Medicare rebate.

Understanding Eczema

Living with eczema can be challenging, but it’s important to remember that you’re not alone. Patient support groups, medical professionals, and resources are available to help you manage your condition. 

Having a regular eczema-friendly skincare routine, avoiding triggers, and staying proactive about managing stress can make a difference. Whether you’ve just been diagnosed or have lived with the condition for years, staying informed and taking control of your treatment plan is vital to living more comfortably with eczema.

If you or a loved one are navigating the challenges of eczema, don’t hesitate to contact us for support at help@eczema.org.au. You can also explore our yearly membership to access expert eczema management resources, including our quarterly magazine, up-to-date tips, recipes, product news, information sheets and a supportive community that can make a real difference in managing your eczema journey.